#Turbine thermodynamics calculator generator#
#Turbine thermodynamics calculator plus#

So, in the real world, Equation 3 becomes In every process, the overall entropy change (of a system and its surroundings) increases. Scientists have defined a property known as entropy (s), which, in its simplest terms, is based on the ratio of heat transfer in a process to the temperature (Q/T). In every process known to humans, some energy losses occur. This equation represents a theoretically ideal engine. The second law has as a foundation the concept of the Carnot cycle, which says that the most efficient engine that can be constructed operates with a heat input (Q H) at high temperature (T H) and a heat discharge (Q L) at low temperature (T L), in which Many more examples are possible, but this one conveys the essence of the second law. For example, a warm cup of coffee placed on a kitchen table does not become hotter while the room grows colder.

The second law describes process direction. Using these simplifications and definitions, the energy equation for steady flow operation reduces to:īut this equation represents the ideal scenario and here is where the second law steps in. These values may be found in the standard ASME steam tables, where saturated water at 0C has been designated as having zero enthalpy. Enthalpy is a measure of the available energy of the fluid, and enthalpies have been calculated for a wide range of steam and saturated liquid conditions. Scientists have combined these two terms into the very useful property known as enthalpy (h).

#Turbine thermodynamics calculator plus#

Removal of these terms leaves the internal energy of the fluid (u) plus its flow work (P v) capabilities. Second, in a steady flow process such as a steam generator, the system does not accumulate energy, so dE c.v./dt is zero. This equation can be easily understood through a few definitions and simplifications.įirst, in many systems and especially steam generators, potential and kinetic energies are very minor compared to other energy changes and can be neglected. P 1 v 1 = Flow work of fluid as it enters the systemĭE c.v./dt = Change in energy within the system per unit time P 2 v 2 = Flow work of fluid as it exits the system (P = pressure, v = specific volume) U 1 = Internal energy of the entering fluid U 2 = Internal energy of the exiting fluid

(V 2 2 – V 1 2)/2 = Change in kinetic energy M 2 = Flow out of the system per unit time W S = Shaft work such as that done by a turbine per unit time

The classic energy equation for a simple system (defined as a control volume in textbooks) 1, 2 is: It says that energy used within a system is neither created nor destroyed but only transferred. The first law is that of conservation of energy.

#Turbine thermodynamics calculator generator#

Yet, relatively simple formulas from thermodynamics can be used explain much about steam generator fundamentals. The word “thermodynamics” conjures up visions of complex mathematics to many people, even some with technical backgrounds.